Originality, Plagiarism & Duplicate Submission

• All submitted works must be original and must not be simultaneously submitted to another publisher.
• Plagiarism, fabricated data and manipulation of information are prohibited.
• All quotations, ideas, data and other sourced material must be properly acknowledged and referenced.
• The UPTM guideline states that the similarity index must not exceed 20%.
• Republication of previously published work requires formal permission and clear disclosure.